The self-destructing product could reduce the amount of plastic pollution in the environment<\/p>\n
Plastic products could soon have a built-in self-destruct feature. Scientists have found a way to incorporate bacteria into plastic products that can completely break down the plastic after activation. If this technique is applied widely, it could greatly reduce the amount of plastic pollution in the environment.<\/p>\n
Scientists have created a plastic capable of degrading quickly without producing microplastics, according to a study published in the journal ACS Applied Polymer Materials. The key is using microbes. Living plastics \u201ccontain dormant microbes capable of degrading the surrounding polymer,\u201d said a release about the study. Earlier living plastic designs \u201coften depended on a single enzyme, which limited how efficiently the material could be broken down.\u201d However, in the new study, researchers engineered the bacteria \u201cBacillus subtilis to produce two polymer-degrading enzymes that work together.\u201d<\/p>\n
The two enzymes team up to break down the plastic polymers. The first enzyme \u201ccuts the long polymer chains at random points, reducing them into shorter sections,\u201d while the second enzyme \u201cworks from the ends of those fragments, breaking them down further into their individual monomer building blocks,\u201d said the release. With the embedded microbes and the enzymes, \u201cplastics could effectively \u2018come alive\u2019 and self-destruct on command, turning durability from a problem into a programmable feature,\u201d Zhuojun Dai, a corresponding author on the paper, said in the release.<\/p>\n
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The researchers \u201cincorporated dormant spores from the engineered bacteria into polycaprolactone (PCL), a biodegradable polyester used in products ranging from surgical sutures to 3D printing materials,\u201d said Food & Wine. The living plastic material \u201cretained the strength and structure of conventional plastic but could be triggered to degrade when no longer needed.\u201d The scientists \u201cactivated the dormant spores by placing the material in a warm nutrient broth heated to about 122 Fahrenheit,\u201d where the \u201cspores began producing both enzymes, which together had completely broken down the plastic within six days.\u201d<\/p>\n
Most of the world\u2019s plastic ends up in landfills or the ocean. Plastic can take anywhere from 20 to hundreds of years to break down because of its chemical structure. It can also degrade into microplastics, which have \u201cturned up in water, food and even human bodies,\u201d raising a number of health concerns, said The Cool Down. But creating plastic that can break down completely rather than releasing tiny fragments \u201ccould reduce one path for that contamination.\u201d Still, the living plastic has not yet been \u201cvalidated in real-world conditions in the ocean, a landfill or a roadside ditch,\u201d said ZME Science.<\/p>\n
Plastic that decomposes in a short time period makes \u201clife easier for consumers by reducing the buildup of everyday products that turn into long-lasting trash,\u201d said The Cool Down. In addition, if \u201cdisposable packaging, medical products or short-term electronics can degrade more cleanly, communities could face lower cleanup costs and less expensive waste management over time.\u201d<\/p>\n
While the researchers only incorporated the bacterial spores in one type of plastic, they eventually hope to \u201cdevelop a method that activates the bacterial spores in water, where a significant share of plastic pollution accumulates,\u201d said the release. The same strategy used for the PCL \u201ccould be adapted for other materials, including plastics widely used in disposable products.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00a0Devika Rao has worked as a staff writer at The Week since 2022, covering science, the environment, climate and business. She previously worked as a policy associate for a nonprofit organization advocating for environmental action from a business perspective. \u00a0<\/p>\n